Dynamical study of newtonian non newtonian fluid flow over a curved geometry

Abstract

Fluid mechanics has progressively evolved to address complex problems in heat and mass transfer across various scientific and engineering fields. With a strong foundation in mathematical modelling, the subject integrates concepts from thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and electromagnetic theory, making it a vital area of study in modern engineering and applied science. The present study investigates the flow behavior of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, including nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids, over a curved stretching sheet. The analysis accounts for several physical phenomena such as a magnetic field, heat source, chemical reaction, Darcy Forchheimer drag, Cattaneo Christov heat and mass flux, thermal radiation, magnetic dipole effects, cross-diffusion, and activation energy. At the boundary, conditions including velocity slip, convective heat and mass transfer, and melting with Newtonian heating are imposed. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations for numerical analysis. The resulting system is then solved using a numerical Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method along with the shooting technique, and the results are compared to earlier theoretical findings. This approach ensures accurate and efficient solutions for the complex boundary value problems encountered in flow, heat, and mass transfer analyses, including prominent physical quantities such as skin friction, the Nusselt number, the Sherwood number, entropy generation, and the Bejan number. Additionally, the results are examined through figures and charts created with the aid of Maple software and Origin along with Microsoft Excel. In addition, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to evaluate the statistical significance and interaction effects of key parameters on the output responses. The RSM models and related analyses are developed using Minitab software. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to identify the most influential...