Efficient Routing Protocol with Localization and Cross Layer Approach for Load Balancing in UWSN

Abstract

An Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a network of newlinespatially distributed autonomous underwater sensors that communicate with each newlineother through wireless links to monitor and collect data from the underwater newlineenvironment. The nodes in the sensor network have a wide range of uses, particularly newlineon under-sea links that are skilled for detecting, handling, and management. The newlineunderwater wireless sensor networks support collecting pollution data, mine surveys, newlineoceanographic information collection, aided navigation, strategicsurveillance, and newlineocean sample collection using submerged water detectors. The unique characteristics newlineof the underwater environment, such as high attenuation,limited bandwidth, and newlineunpredictable propagation conditions, present significantchallenges to the deployment newlineand operation of UWSNs. In addition, localization, congestion routing, and traffic newlineprioritizing are significant issues in an underwater sensor network. newlineIn the research proposal, the various types of traffic are distinguished from newlineone another, and each type of traffic is assigned its requirements, which are taken into newlineconsideration concerning the resources available on the network. To reduce the newlineamount of localization mistakes, the angle-based forwarding strategy that was newlineproposed is utilized. The fitness function, which is derived based on packet delivary newlineratio, energy, load buffer and distance among the nodes, is utilized by the proposed newlinetechnique to select the path that presents the shortest distance to thedestination. The newlinework that is being presented takes into consideration congestion- conscious newlineforwarding by utilizing hard-stage and soft-stage schemes. These schemes alleviate newlinecongestion by monitoring the status of the energy and buffer of the nodes and newlineregulating the traffic newline