Diabetes induced alterations in urate turnover in alloxan induced diabetic rats and association of serum biomarkers and gene expression with Alzheimer s disease

Abstract

Many studies have shown that in addition to causing gout, hyperuricemia newlineis also closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, newlineinsulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, chronic kidney disease and diabetes. newlineHowever, elevation of uric acid in diabetes and the reason for this elevation and a possible role of insulin in this regard is not clearly understood and its function newlineis a matter of debate. Also, there are not many reports on the possible newlineassociation between pathological alterations of diabetes in Alzheimer s disease newlineprogression newlineAim newlineThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of urate newlinemetabolism in diabetes, and to link Alzheimer s disease associated newlinecomplications in Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats. newlineBased on the objectives, a newlinesignificant increase in the uric acid levels of plasma, erythrocytes as well as newlineliver tissues of alloxan diabetic rats was determined which is due to increased newlinedegradation of tissue adenosine through an increased activity of ADA in order newlineto facilitate the available insulin action as adenosine is an antagonist of insulin newlineaction. The elevation of adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase and 5 - newlinenucleotidase activity was significantly correlated with insulin secretion and newlineliver dysfunction. The changes in these enzyme activities were associated newlinewith high levels of uric acid in liver tissue and plasma of diabetic rats. This newlineelevated level of purine metabolites strongly correlates with increased hepatic newlineglucose production and diminished pancreatic insulin secretion. The newlineincreased activity of the enzyme XO might be the cause for increased newlineproduction of purine metabolites and enhanced gluconeogenesis in liver newlinewhich leads to hyperglycemia in diabetic condition newline