Energy Efficient Content Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Energyefficientroutingisoneofthemajorchallengesinmanyapplications newlineof wirelesssensornetworks.Thisismainlybecausethesensordeviceshave newlinelimited resources,suchas,batterypower,memory,processorspeed,communica- newlinetion etc.Oncethetopologyofawirelesssensornetworkisdesignedandsensor newlinenodes aredeployedinthephysicalenvironment,itisnotpracticallyfeasibleto newlinerechargeorreplacethebatteryinalargescaledeploymentarea.Asofnow,many newlinetraditional routingprotocolshavebeendesignedtoaddressvariouschallenges newlinefor achievingenergyefficiency.Content-basedroutingisonesuchdomainwhich newlinecan helpimprovetheoverallnetworklifetimeandthroughput.Although,sev- newlineeral routingalgorithmshavebeenproposedintheliterature,onlyafewworks newlinehave beendoneonenergyefficientroutinginwirelesssensornetworkusing newlinecontent basedapproach. newlineA content-awareroutingprotocolisarelativelynewcommunicationtech- newlinenique inwhichtheflowofmessagesthroughthenetworkisdrivenbythe newlinecontent ofthemessages,ratherthanbyexplicitaddressesassignedbysenders newlineattached tothemessages.Inacontent-basedwirelesssensornetwork,receivers newlinedeclaretheirintereststothenetworkbymeansofattributes-basedquery,while newlinethe sourcenodesimplyinjectsmessagesintothesinknode.Asintraditional newlineaddress-basednetworks,thedeliveryfunctionisperformedincrementallyby newlinepassing messagesthroughintermediatenodesinthenetworkusingrouting newlineand forwardingfunctions.Apartfromtransmittingredundantmessagestothe newlinedestination, bothofthesefunctionsconsumemoreenergy. newlineIn thisthesis,weinvestigatetheproblemsassociatedwithenergyefficient newlineroutinginwirelesssensornetworks.Westudytheexistingresearchworksavail- newlineable intheliteratureandproposesolutionsforenergy-efficientroutingprotocols newlineusing content-awareparadigms,particularlyforheterogeneousnetworks.We newlinefocus ondevelopingroutingprotocolswhichaddressthedeficienciesofexisting newlinecontent-based protocols.Asthefirststep,weproposeanenergyefficientrouting newlinefor heterogeneouswirelesssensornetworksbyincorporatingimprovementsto newlinexii newlinethe existingStableElectionProtocol(SEP)achievingbetternetworklifetimeand newlinethroughput.Next,weproposeacontent-centricframeworkbyincorporatinga newlinefiltering algorithmtoextracttheexactcontentfromtherawdatabeforetrans- newlinemitting totherespectivesubscribers.WehaveusedanExpectedTranmission newline(ETX) metrictoselecttheshortestroutefromsourcenodetothedestination newlinenode. Reductionofpacketsizebyusingafilteringapproachcombinedwiththe newlineETX metrictodeterminetheshortestroutesignificantlyimprovestheenergy newlineefficiencyofthewirelesssensornetwork. newlineContinuing theresearchfurther,wealsoproposeacontent-awarerouting newlineprotocolwithoptimalpathselectiontoreducethenumberofretransmissionsand newlineenhance theoverallstabilityandreliabilityofthenetwork.Wehaveimplemented newlinethe proposedapproachesbyextensivesimulationandcomparedtheresults newlinewith theexistingcontent-basedroutingprotocols,suchasDirectedDiffusion newline(DD), SensorProtocolforInformationNegotiation(SPIN),TraditionalContent newlineNetworks (TCN),andLowEnergyAdaptiveClusteringHierarchy(LEACH). newlineThe simulationshavebeenperformedconsideringdifferentnetworkfactors newlinesuch as,numberofnodes,transmissionrange,basestationlocation,energylevel, newlineand trafficpatternwithnetworkstructure.Theproposedmodelsdemonstrate newlinesuperior resultswhencomparedwiththeexistingcontent-awareprotocolsin newlineterms ofenergyconsumption,networklifetime,andthroughput newline