Investigation on the nano ceriaadded novel pongamia based biodiesel and its performance analysis

Abstract

The depletion of conventional energy sources and rapidly newlineincreasing environmental pollutions are the main problems especially for the newlinepresent and future generations. Automobiles are the major source of newlinepollutants mainly in metropolitan cities of the world including Beijing, newlineLondon, New York, New Delhi, Chennai and Mumbai. The emission from newlineautomobiles contain the pollutants of Nitrous oxide (NOx), Carbon monoxide newline(CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC) and Carbon di oxide (CO2). The newlinepollutants cause a lot of health problems such as lungs cancer, tuberculosis newlineand other respiratory diseases to human beings. Further, the burning of fossil newlinefuels produces higher level of pollutant gases in the atmosphere, which newlineincreases the green house effect. As a consequence, the pollutants emission newlinefrom the automobiles threaten public health, degrade air quality and newlinesignificantly contributing to the climate change which leads to potential newlineglobal warming. One of the important pollutants is carbon particulate matter newline(PM10) that comes from incomplete combustion of carbon fuels. Therefore, it newlineis highly important to develop the alternate technology to curb the pollutant newlineemission and environmental threat for life. Moreover, the stringent newlinegovernment regulation made the automobile engine manufacturers and the newlineconsumers to follow the emission norms to save the environment from newlinepollution. newlineVarious techniques are introduced to control the emission from the newlineautomobiles. They are in cylinder treatment, treatments of exhaust emission, newlineproduction of high quality fuel and improvement in engine technology. In the newlinein cylinder treatment, various kind of catalysts can be coated on piston head newlineand cylinder head for effectively controlling the pollutant emissions newline